Fig. 5. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of NAC on endothelial cells exposed to uremic sera. Micrographs show ICAM-1 surface expression and ROS production in ECs exposed to control media (C), uremia (U) and uremia treated with NAC (U+NAC). Bar diagrams show the effect of the uremic sera (# p<0.05 vs control) and the NAC treatment (*p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs uremia) (n=4). NAC (10mM) inhibited phosphorylation of p38MAPK and activation of NFκB (n=4).